Rowland Traill was on the list of Graduates in Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in August 1835 (Modus operandi of Remedial Agencies in the treatment of inflammation.

He arrived in Australia as Surgeon Superintendent on the vessel Susan in 1840.

He married Elizabeth Windeyer at Kinross, Raymond Terrace in 1851. 'Kinross' was an estate owned by Archibald Windeyer who also owned Deepwater near Glen Innes.

In May 1846 Dr. Traill was called on to assist Trooper Maher who had been shot by a bushranger. Trooper Maher and a party of Mounted Police had been in pursuit of Wilson's bushranging gang for some time. In the shootout that followed the discovery of their camp, Wilson had fired his blunderbuss at Maher, shooting him with buckshot in the fleshy part of the thigh.  Corporal Worsley in his report to the authorities stated 'We could get no medical aid up to the present, but I proceed tomorrow to New England for Dr. Frail (Traill), who is the nearest medical gentleman to this place.'  Dr. Traill was Manager of the Clifton Station at this time.

Rowland John Traill was listed as a qualified medical practitioner in the Clarence River district in 1847.

In 1848 as Manager of Tenterfield station he was advertising for brick makers and horse breakers at the head station of Tenterfield.