Free Settler or Felon?

Francis MacNamara

'Frank The Poet'

 

   

Francis MacNamara, known as Frank the Poet, arrived on the convict ship Eliza in 1832.

The Eliza departed Cork on the 10th May with one hundred and ninety-eight male prisoners and arrived on Thursday evening 6th September. Surgeon Superintendent was Thomas Bell, R.N., and the guard consisted of 29 rank and file of the 4th 17th and 63rd regiments under command of Lieutenant Hewson and Ensign Nicholson of the 4th regiment.

The convicts were dis-embarked on Saturday 15th September 1832. Had he been able to procure a copy of the Sydney Gazette that morning perhaps  Francis Macnamara may have been amused (or not) with the enthusiastic ditty heading the editorial.

' You may think as you like, you may say what you may,

There is no Bay on earth like our Botany Bay'

In June 1833 Macnamara was apprehended after absconding from No. 13 Road gang - possibly in the Parramatta district and by 1837 had been assigned to the hulk Phoenix.(2)

Between 1825 and 1837 the prison hulk Phoenix was used to house an overflow of felons from Sydney Gaol. It was moored in Sydney Harbour at Lavender Bay - known then as Hulk or Phoenix Bay and held up to 260 prisoners at a time, including those awaiting trial, convict witnesses, those awaiting transport to Port Macquarie as well as prisoners under colonial sentence(3)

By 1838 MacNamara had been assigned to the Australian Agricultural Company as a shepherd at the Company's holdings in the vicinity of Peel River. Here, at the Peel River on 23 October 1839, he composed one of his well known pieces -  'A Convicts Tour of Hell'

Francis MacNamara apparently had skills more useful to the Company than shepherding. Although his indents state otherwise, later it was recorded that he was a miner from County Wicklow. This is probably the reason he was re-assigned to the Company coal mines at Newcastle. At Wicklow he may have worked at the gold mines but the Coal mines at Newcastle were dreaded places and Macnamara put pen to paper to write the poem 'For the Company Under Ground', which voiced his antipathy toward working in the mines.

Perhaps after that he was sent to the chain gang at Newcastle as around this time he wrote the poem A Petition from the chain gang at Newcastle to Captain Furlong the Superintendent, praying him to dismiss a scourger named Duffy from the cookhouse and appoint a man in his room.

Allowing for the harshness of the times, Captain Furlong wasn't a cruel man and he may well have listened to MacNamara's 'Petition'

In any case Francis MacNamara didn't remain in the ironed gang. He was transferred to the boat's crew. This was difficult, dangerous work and he didn't like it any better that shepherding, mining or working in the ironed gang. He was probably on duty when the steamer King William IV was wrecked at Nobbys in July 1839.

 Read More about the wreck of the  King William IV.

On the 25th October 1839 Francis MacNamara and three other convicts - Thomas White,  John Simpson and John Marsh were reported as having absconded from the boat crew at Newcastle.

 

Francis McNamara's description was posted  - he was 5' 4 Ύ" with a ruddy complexion, light brown hair, grey eyes, a scar on the outer corner of the right eye, and features broad and full. In this notice he was recorded as being a miner from Co. Wicklow. All four were captured soon afterwards.

(Click to enlarge)

It is not known when 'A Dialogue between Two Hibernians in Botany Bay' was written. It appeared in the Sydney Gazette 8 February 1840

After being sent to an iron gang further south near Braidwood, MacNamara embarked on the life of a bushranger when he joined with several other absconders to form a formidable band of outlaws whose members included ; John Jones, per Lady McNaughten; Edward Allen, per Asia; William Thomson, per Asia and William Eastwood, per Patriot .

In 1842, they were convicted of being illegally at large with fire-arms and sentenced to transportation for life to a penal settlement   -  Van Diemen's Land.

Francis Macnamara died in August 1861 near Mudgee. An inquest found that he died of cold and inanition.

The following letter appeared in the Maitland Mercury in June 1862:

CLARKE'S CREEK, MEROO. FRANK THE POET. A DAY or two since I got up from the perusal of the beautiful extract from the Lost Genius published in a late impression, of the Empire, and almost immediately heard a mixed conversation on the character of an unfortunate Irishman, known as Frank, the poet, who lived some time with a storekeeper on this Creek. In as few words as possible his history is as follows. He was of a respectable family, was well educated, and possessed an original, and indeed very eccentric genius, greatly degraded by a perpetual love of mischief, and occasional offences of a very grave character. For forging at home, he was condemned to be hung, and was reprieved as the rope was being adjusted round his neck for execution. When he reached this country, he never would work as a government man, and was repeatedly flogged. Perhaps to avoid endangering his life with the whip, he was sent to a station in the interior. The first duty appointed him was to drive off the cockatoos from a paddock of newly sown grain. Frank performed this duty in the following provoking manner ; he wrote out a number of threatening notices to the cockatoos, that they were prohibited from crossing the fence to the grain, and these notices he put at the tops of poles which he fastened at regular distances all round the paddock fences. When asked by the Super, what all those papers meant, he replied. ‘Did you not tell me to order the cockatoos off the ground ?’ Though reared in the Catholic faith, it was his delight to profess to be an unbeliever, for the sole purpose of mischief. He had every part of scripture at his tongue's end, and he scorned to have studied the Bible to justify himself as an adept at puzzling and irritating criticism ; and where he could take provoking liberties with clergymen, he was not backward in doing so. It was his boast that he had confounded two or three just after they had been preaching. On one occasion he obliterated a whole verse, and inserted in its place with his pen a sentiment utterly unscriptural. He did this so cleverly that it looked in no way different from the other print on the leaf ; and he had the audacity to assert in the face of a clergyman, that it was apart of the Protestant Scripture. With one of his own clergymen, he took unpardonable liberty. Frank was reading the Illustrated London News. The Rev. Gentleman spoke very kindly to him. He immediately pretended that he had turned Protestant, and began to feign an anxiety to convert him to the Protestant faith. Father ——— rose up and left him to his own reflections. Frank was offensively eccentric in his manners, he never put a string to his shoes, assigning as a reason, ‘that God never made man to stoop to anything so low as his feet,’ he generally wore his small clothes inside out. Some times he was better employed, his penmanship seemed almost miraculous; and many persons who admired demonstrations of that kind, employed him to write on the blank leaves of prayer-books, bibles, and other valued books. On the soft leaf of a prayer-book now before me, he wrote besides the name, the following lines impromptu :— ‘THE GIFT OF AN AFFECTIONATE MOTHER.’ [Then follows the name very beautifully written.]" 'Tis not a little toy That I give to thee, my boy, As your good sense will see, 'Tis a book of prayer Keep it with fond care In remembrance of me."' In another Prayer-book before me on a leaf equally soft, he has printed distinctly with his pen :— " Presented, April 10, 1859, by the dearest Friend in the world, to —— ," and then in very beautiful italic :— "The Lord hath chastened me sore : but He hath not given me over unto death." Ps. CXVIII, 18 v. Whether he really possessed poetical abilities, I cannot say, having seen nothing of that kind, beyond the above lines, which can hardly be called poetry. I am told he was the author of a published volume of sarcasm on the Government ; but, so far as I can learn, it was an imitation of that presumptuous and unpardonable part of Dante, in which he puts lately dead, yes, and living characters into hell, and assigns them horrible torments. To speak of such a state at all, as that of final perdition, except in religious teaching, and in the language of Scripture, is pitifully contemptible ; and to put living men into eternal torments is disgustingly malignant, and is only less revolting than artistic pulpit oratory on such a painful subject. But the great crime of Frank was intemperate drinking, the crime from which all his mischievous prehensions took their origin. When sober he was generally a quiet, harmless man. All I know of him more, is, that I read in the Mudgee News, some time back, that he died from exhaustion, the consequence of too much drink and too little food. What a ruinous thing drink is ! Frank was unquestionably a man of unusual powers of mind, and but for habitual drinking, might have been a very useful man. If Frank had been my enemy I should not like the idea of his thus dying, without some notice of his abused gifts and perverted genius. And if you will find a place for this little notice of him in the Free Press, I shall feel greatly obliged.

 

 

For the Company Under Ground (back)

When Christ from heaven comes down straightaway

All his Father's laws to expound

MacNamara shall work that day

For the Company under ground

 

When the man in the moon to Moreton Bay

Is sent in shackles bound

MacNamara shall work that day

for the company under ground

 

When the Cape of good Hope to Twofold Bay

Comes for the change of a pound

MacNamara shall work that day

For the company under ground

Top

 

When cows in lieu of milk yield tea

And all lost treasures are found

MacNamara shall work that day

For the company under ground

 

When the Australian Company's heaviest dray

Is drawn 80 miles by a hound

MacNamara shall work that day

For the Company under ground

 

When a frog, a caterpillar and a flea

Shall travel the globe all round

MacNamara shall work that day

For the company under ground

Top

When turkey cocks on Jews harps play

And mountains dance at the sound

MacNamara shall work that day

For the Company under ground

 

When Christmas falls on the 1st May

And O'Connell's King of England crown'd

MacNamara shall work that day

For the Company under ground.

 

When thieves ever robbing on the highway

For their sanctity are renowned

MacNamara shall work that day

For the Company under ground

Nor over ground (back)

 

Top

 

Moreton Bay is also attributed to Francis MacNamara.

Captain Logan who is mentioned in 'Moreton Bay' as well as 'A Convict's Tour of Hell' died under mysterious circumstances two years before Francis MacNamara arrived in the colony.

 

One Sunday morning as I went walking
By Brisbane waters I chanced to stray
I heard a convict his fate bewailing
As on the sunny river bank I lay
I am a native from Erin's island
But banished now from my native shore
They stole me from my aged parents
And from the maiden I do adore

I've been a prisoner at Port Macquarie
At Norfolk Island and Emu Plains
At Castle Hill and at cursed Toongabbie
At all these settlements I've been in chains
But of all places of condemnation
And penal stations in New South Wales
To Moreton Bay I have found no equal
Excessive tyranny each day prevails

For three long years I was beastly treated
And heavy irons on my legs I wore
My back from flogging was lacerated
And oft times painted with my crimson gore
And many a man from downright starvation
Lies mouldering now underneath the clay
And Captain Logan he had us mangled
All at the triangles of Moreton Bay

Like the Egyptians and ancient Hebrews
We were oppressed under Logan's yoke
Till a native black lying there in ambush
Did deal this tyrant his mortal stroke
My fellow prisoners be exhilarated
That all such monsters such a death may find
And when from bondage we are liberated
Our former sufferings will fade from mind

More about Moreton Bay

 

(2)General Return of Convicts  in New South Wales 1837

(3)Historic Houses Trust

 

 

© Free Settler or Felon

 

Willetts, Jennifer, Free Settler or Felon? Frank the Poet, http://www.jenwilletts.com/Frank%20the%20Poet.htm, accessed

 
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