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Francis MacNamara, known as
Frank the Poet,
arrived on the convict ship
Eliza
in
1832.
The Eliza departed
Cork on the 10th May with one hundred and ninety-eight
male prisoners and arrived on Thursday evening 6th September. Surgeon
Superintendent was Thomas Bell, R.N.,
and the guard consisted of 29 rank and file of the 4th 17th and 63rd regiments
under command of Lieutenant Hewson and Ensign Nicholson of the 4th
regiment.
The convicts were disembarked on Saturday
15th September 1832. Had he been able to procure a copy of the Sydney
Gazette that morning perhaps Francis Macnamara may have
been amused (or not) with the enthusiastic ditty heading the editorial.
' You may think as you like, you may say what you may,
There is no Bay on earth like our Botany Bay'
In June 1833 Macnamara was apprehended after absconding from No. 13 Road
gang - possibly in the Parramatta district and by 1837 had been assigned to
the hulk Phoenix.(2)
Between 1825 and 1837 the prison hulk Phoenix was used to
house an overflow of felons from Sydney Gaol. It was moored in Sydney
Harbour at Lavender Bay - known then as Hulk or Phoenix Bay and held up
to 260 prisoners at a time, including those awaiting trial, convict
witnesses, those awaiting transport to Port Macquarie as well as
prisoners under colonial sentence(3)
By 1838 MacNamara had been assigned to the
Australian Agricultural Company
as a shepherd at the Company's holdings in the vicinity of Peel River.
Here, at the Peel River on 23 October 1839, he composed one of his well
known pieces - 'A
Convicts
Tour of Hell'
Francis MacNamara apparently had skills more useful to the Company than
shepherding. Although his indents state otherwise, later it was recorded that
he was a miner from County Wicklow. This is probably the reason he was
re-assigned to the Company coal mines at Newcastle. At Wicklow he may have
worked at the gold mines but the
Coal mines at
Newcastle
were dreaded places and Macnamara put pen to paper to write the
poem 'For the Company Under
Ground', which voiced his antipathy toward working in the
A.A. Company mines.
Perhaps after that he was sent to the chain gang at
Newcastle as around this time he wrote the poem
A Petition from the
chain gang at Newcastle to
Captain Furlong the Superintendent, praying him
to dismiss a scourger named Duffy from the cookhouse
and appoint a man in his room.
Allowing for the harshness of the times, Captain Furlong
wasn't a cruel man and he may well have listened to MacNamara's 'Petition'
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In any case Francis MacNamara didn't remain in the ironed
gang. He was transferred to the boat's crew. This was difficult, dangerous
work and he didn't like it any better that shepherding, mining or working in
the ironed gang. He was probably on duty when the steamer King William IV was
wrecked at Nobbys in July
1839.
Read
More about the wreck
of the
King
William IV.
On the 25th
October 1839 Francis MacNamara and three other convicts - Thomas White, John Simpson
and John Marsh were reported as having absconded from the boat crew at
Newcastle.
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Francis McNamara's description was posted - he was
5' 4 ¾" with a ruddy complexion, light brown hair, grey eyes, a scar on the outer corner of the right eye, and
features broad and full. In this notice he was recorded as
being a miner from Co. Wicklow. All four were captured soon
afterwards.
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(Click to enlarge) |
It is not
known when 'A Dialogue between Two Hibernians in
Botany Bay' was written. It appeared in the
Sydney Gazette 8 February 1840 |
After being sent to an iron gang further south near Braidwood, MacNamara embarked on
the life of a bushranger when he joined with several other absconders to form
a formidable band of outlaws whose members included ; John Jones, per
Lady McNaughten; Edward Allen, per
Asia;
William Thomson, per Asia and William Eastwood, per
Patriot
.
In 1842, they were convicted of being illegally at large with fire-arms......
On Thursday, the 26th May, as ten prisoners on their route from Berrima to
Picton under warrants to be forwarded to Sydney for various charges, five of
them effected their escape from the two constables in charge by securing them
and depriving them of their aims, and afterwards handcuffed them to a tree,
where they remained a short time, the other five prisoners gave themselves up
to the proper authorities. The escape of those five ruffians has caused a
great deal of excitement in this district, so much so, that the police have
been on the look out for them on all the roads leading to the capital.
(Sydney Herald 1 June 1842)
The Sydney Gazette reported on 2nd June 1842....About ten o'clock, on the
night of the 30th ultimo, Sergt. Michael Doyle, and two troopers of the
Mounted Police, fell in with a party of five armed bushrangers, at the foot of
Razorback, and succeeded in apprehending them, The bushrangers are the same
parties who escaped from the constables on the 25th ultimo, on the road
between Berrima and Campbelltown. The police found in their possession the
carbines which they took from the constables at the time of escape. They are
now safely lodged in the gaol at Campbelltown. Their names are—Francis
McNamara, per Elisa ; John Jones, per Lady Macnaughton ; Edward Allen, per
Asia ; William Thomson, per do ; William Eastwood, per Patriot. The bravery
and indefatigable zeal which Sergeant Doyle has at all times evinced in his
pursuit of, and encounters with, bushrangers, strongly entitle him, not only
to pecuniary remuneration from Government, but, in our opinion, to the
consideration of his Commanding Officer, Major Nunn. Doyle has, for a number
of years, been the terror of the Southern bushrangers, and per- haps there is
not another in the colony, who is better acquainted with the fastnesses to
which, on being hotly pursued, these villains retire. He has scarcely ever
been foiled in his pur- suit of the bushrangers on his skirmishes with them,
and his scent is said to be most unerring. We are astonished that the settlers
of the southern counties do not confer some public mark of their approbation
upon Doyle, whose perseverance and activity cannot but be well known to them.
Francis Macnamara and his companions were sentenced to transportation for life to a penal settlement -
Van Diemen's Land.
Francis Macnamara died in August 1861 near Mudgee. An inquest found that he
died of cold and inanition.
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The following letter appeared
in the Maitland Mercury in June 1862:
CLARKE'S CREEK, MEROO. FRANK
THE POET. A DAY or two since I got up from the perusal of the beautiful
extract from the Lost Genius published in a late impression, of the
Empire, and almost immediately heard a mixed conversation on the
character of an unfortunate Irishman, known as Frank, the poet, who
lived some time with a storekeeper on this Creek. In as few words as
possible his history is as follows. He was of a respectable family, was
well educated, and possessed an original, and indeed very eccentric
genius, greatly degraded by a perpetual love of mischief, and occasional
offences of a very grave character. For forging at home, he was
condemned to be hung, and was reprieved as the rope was being adjusted
round his neck for execution. When he reached this country, he never
would work as a government man, and was repeatedly flogged. Perhaps to
avoid endangering his life with the whip, he was sent to a station in
the interior. The first duty appointed him was to drive off the
cockatoos from a paddock of newly sown grain. Frank performed this duty
in the following provoking manner ; he wrote out a number of threatening
notices to the cockatoos, that they were prohibited from crossing the
fence to the grain, and these notices he put at the tops of poles which
he fastened at regular distances all round the paddock fences. When
asked by the Super, what all those papers meant, he replied. ‘Did you
not tell me to order the cockatoos off the ground ?’ Though reared in
the Catholic faith, it was his delight to profess to be an unbeliever,
for the sole purpose of mischief. He had every part of scripture at his
tongue's end, and he scorned to have studied the Bible to justify
himself as an adept at puzzling and irritating criticism ; and where he
could take provoking liberties with clergymen, he was not backward in
doing so. It was his boast that he had confounded two or three just
after they had been preaching. On one occasion he obliterated a whole
verse, and inserted in its place with his pen a sentiment utterly
unscriptural. He did this so cleverly that it looked in no way different
from the other print on the leaf ; and he had the audacity to assert in
the face of a clergyman, that it was apart of the Protestant Scripture.
With one of his own clergymen, he took unpardonable liberty. Frank was
reading the Illustrated London News. The Rev. Gentleman spoke very
kindly to him. He immediately pretended that he had turned Protestant,
and began to feign an anxiety to convert him to the Protestant faith.
Father ——— rose up and left him to his own reflections. Frank was
offensively eccentric in his manners, he never put a string to his
shoes, assigning as a reason, ‘that God never made man to stoop to
anything so low as his feet,’ he generally wore his small clothes inside
out. Some times he was better employed, his penmanship seemed almost
miraculous; and many persons who admired demonstrations of that kind,
employed him to write on the blank leaves of prayer-books, bibles, and
other valued books. On the soft leaf of a prayer-book now before me, he
wrote besides the name, the following lines impromptu :— ‘THE GIFT OF AN
AFFECTIONATE MOTHER.’ [Then follows the name very beautifully written.]"
'Tis not a little toy That I give to thee, my boy, As your good sense
will see, 'Tis a book of prayer Keep it with fond care In remembrance of
me."' In another Prayer-book before me on a leaf equally soft, he has
printed distinctly with his pen :— " Presented, April 10, 1859, by the
dearest Friend in the world, to —— ," and then in very beautiful italic
:— "The Lord hath chastened me sore : but He hath not given me over unto
death." Ps. CXVIII, 18 v. Whether he really possessed poetical
abilities, I cannot say, having seen nothing of that kind, beyond the
above lines, which can hardly be called poetry. I am told he was the
author of a published volume of sarcasm on the Government ; but, so far
as I can learn, it was an imitation of that presumptuous and
unpardonable part of Dante, in which he puts lately dead, yes, and
living characters into hell, and assigns them horrible torments. To
speak of such a state at all, as that of final perdition, except in
religious teaching, and in the language of Scripture, is pitifully
contemptible ; and to put living men into eternal torments is
disgustingly malignant, and is only less revolting than artistic pulpit
oratory on such a painful subject. But the great crime of Frank was
intemperate drinking, the crime from which all his mischievous
prehensions took their origin. When sober he was generally a quiet,
harmless man. All I know of him more, is, that I read in the Mudgee
News, some time back, that he died from exhaustion, the consequence of
too much drink and too little food. What a ruinous thing drink is !
Frank was unquestionably a man of unusual powers of mind, and but for
habitual drinking, might have been a very useful man. If Frank had been
my enemy I should not like the idea of his thus dying, without some
notice of his abused gifts and perverted genius. And if you will find a
place for this little notice of him in the Free Press, I shall feel
greatly obliged.
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For the
Company Under Ground
(back)
When Christ from
heaven comes down straightaway
All his Father's
laws to expound
MacNamara shall
work that day
For the Company
under ground
When the man in the moon to Moreton Bay
Is sent in shackles bound
MacNamara shall work that day
for the company under ground
When the Cape of good Hope to Twofold
Bay
Comes for the change of a pound
MacNamara shall work that day
For the company under
ground
Top
When cows in lieu of milk yield tea
And all lost treasures are found
MacNamara shall work that day
For the company under ground
When the Australian Company's heaviest
dray
Is drawn 80 miles by a hound
MacNamara shall work that day
For the Company under ground
When a frog, a caterpillar and a flea
Shall travel the globe all round
MacNamara shall work that day
For the company under ground
Top
When turkey cocks on Jews harps play
And mountains dance at the sound
MacNamara shall work that day
For the Company under ground
When Christmas falls on the 1st May
And O'Connell's King of England crown'd
MacNamara shall work that day
For the Company under ground.
When thieves ever robbing on the highway
For their sanctity are renowned
MacNamara shall work that day
For the Company under ground
Nor over ground
(back)
Top
Moreton Bay is also attributed to
Francis MacNamara.
Captain Logan
who is mentioned in 'Moreton Bay' as well as 'A Convict's Tour of Hell'
died under mysterious circumstances two years before Francis MacNamara
arrived in the colony.
One Sunday morning as I went walking
By Brisbane waters I chanced to stray
I heard a convict his fate bewailing
As on the sunny river bank I lay
I am a native from Erin's island
But banished now from my native shore
They stole me from my aged parents
And from the maiden I do adore
I've been a prisoner at Port Macquarie
At Norfolk Island and Emu Plains
At Castle Hill and at cursed Toongabbie
At all these settlements I've been in chains
But of all places of condemnation
And penal stations in New South Wales
To Moreton Bay I have found no equal
Excessive tyranny each day prevails
For three long years I was beastly treated
And heavy irons on my legs I wore
My back from flogging was lacerated
And oft times painted with my crimson gore
And many a man from downright starvation
Lies mouldering now underneath the clay
And Captain Logan he had us mangled
All at the triangles of Moreton Bay
Like the Egyptians and ancient Hebrews
We were oppressed under Logan's yoke
Till a native black lying there in ambush
Did deal this tyrant his mortal stroke
My fellow prisoners be exhilarated
That all such monsters such a death may find
And when from bondage we are liberated
Our former sufferings will fade from mind
More about Moreton Bay
The Ballad of
Martin Cash has also been attributed to Francis MacNamara
(2)General Return of
Convicts in New South Wales 1837
(3)Historic
Houses Trust
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